Leonard Parkinson, a Captain of the Maroons NS 1796
Description
The then British colony of Jamaica had a significant population of escaped American and West Indies slaves, called Maroons, who lived there in freedom. Some had lived in Jamaica for generations. After an unsuccessful revolt against the British colonial government in 1796, Britain made arrangements for 600 of them to emigrate to Nova Scotia where they were given assistance to establish themselves for the first few years. However, most were unhappy with their experience in Nova Scotia and the vast majority emigrated to Sierra Leone in 1800.
Creator
Abraham Raimbach
Source
Nova Scotia Archives
Date
1796
Rights
Permission on File
Relation
B. Edwards, The Proceedings of the Governor and Assembly of Jamaica, in Regard to the Maroon Negroes… to which is prefixed an Introductory Account… of the Maroons… (London, 1796)
Format
PNG
Language
English
Type
Still Image
Identifier
(F210 /Ed9) NSARM neg. N-6202
]]>https://blackhistoryincanada.ca/items/show/11History of the Maroons. This 940-page book of letters demonstrates an Enlightenment-influenced style of writing. He is sympathetic to the rights of the oppressed and somewhat unsympathetic concerning the role of the church.]]>2021-01-23T21:48:52+00:00
Dublin Core
Title
Dallas Word Cloud 1803
Description
This word cloud is based on Volume II of Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 publication History of the Maroons. This 940-page book of letters demonstrates an Enlightenment-influenced style of writing. He is sympathetic to the rights of the oppressed and somewhat unsympathetic concerning the role of the church.
Creator
Allison Smith
Source
Dallas, Robert Charles. History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone. Vol. 2. London: Longman and Rees, 1803.
]]>https://blackhistoryincanada.ca/items/show/30hero and my in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
Carnochan's use of the word hero demonstrates a Romantic style of writing that is absent in the other publications. In a classic Romantic style she inserts herself into the narrative using the word my as in phrases like "my hero." This use of the self in the narrative is also seen in the other publications but to a lesser extent.]]>2021-01-23T21:48:52+00:00
Dublin Core
Title
Graphs of 4 books including Janet Carnochan's “A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago” 1897
Description
These graphs compare the use of the words hero and my in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
Carnochan's use of the word hero demonstrates a Romantic style of writing that is absent in the other publications. In a classic Romantic style she inserts herself into the narrative using the word my as in phrases like "my hero." This use of the self in the narrative is also seen in the other publications but to a lesser extent.
Creator
Allison Smith
Source
Dallas, Robert Charles. History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone. Vol. 2. London: Longman and Rees, 1803.
Ross, Alexander Milton. Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. Toronto: Rowsell, 1875.
Carnochan, Janet. “A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” Niagara Historical Society 2 (1897).
Riddell, W.R. “The Slave in Upper Canada.” The Journal of Negro History 4, no. 4 (October 1919).
]]>https://blackhistoryincanada.ca/items/show/31god and my in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
Ross's use of the word my demonstrates a Romantic style of writing that is limited or even absent in publications from other style periods, such as Dallas's Enlightenment style book and Riddell's Realist style article, although it is seen in Carnochan's article. In a classic Romantic style he inserts himself into the narrative using the word my and me. This use of the self in the narrative is also seen in the other publications but to a lesser extent.
Ross's 250-page book also uses Romantic-style flowery language, such as "mostmonstrous outrage" and "glareduponmewithfierceand fiendishlooks."
But Ross also adds to his Romantic style a religious tone that was common from 1850 to the early 1900s under the influence of the Third Great Awakening and the Social Gospel Movement. In his text the word god ranks as his 35th most commonly used word, and its prominance is evident on the graph shown here. He also frequently used the words glory, Christian, almighty, hallelujah and bible. ]]>2021-01-23T21:48:52+00:00
Dublin Core
Title
Ross Graph of the words God and My
Description
These graphs compare the use of the words god and my in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
Ross's use of the word my demonstrates a Romantic style of writing that is limited or even absent in publications from other style periods, such as Dallas's Enlightenment style book and Riddell's Realist style article, although it is seen in Carnochan's article. In a classic Romantic style he inserts himself into the narrative using the word my and me. This use of the self in the narrative is also seen in the other publications but to a lesser extent.
Ross's 250-page book also uses Romantic-style flowery language, such as "mostmonstrous outrage" and "glareduponmewithfierceand fiendishlooks."
But Ross also adds to his Romantic style a religious tone that was common from 1850 to the early 1900s under the influence of the Third Great Awakening and the Social Gospel Movement. In his text the word god ranks as his 35th most commonly used word, and its prominance is evident on the graph shown here. He also frequently used the words glory, Christian, almighty, hallelujah and bible.
Creator
Allison Smith
Source
Dallas, Robert Charles. History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone. Vol. 2. London: Longman and Rees, 1803.
Ross, Alexander Milton. Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. Toronto: Rowsell, 1875.
Carnochan, Janet. “A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” Niagara Historical Society 2 (1897).
Riddell, W.R. “The Slave in Upper Canada.” The Journal of Negro History 4, no. 4 (October 1919).
]]>https://blackhistoryincanada.ca/items/show/32law in his 1919 article "The Slave in Upper Canada"]]>law in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
In keeping with the change in writing style from the Romantic style of the 19th century to the Realist style of the 20th century, Riddell excluded himself from the narrative and his tone became less flowery and expressive, and was replaced by a more reserved and empirical tone. Riddell focused on facts and evidence. The words he used most often included law, court, justice, act and case, as well as statute, governor, journal and council. And while Carnochan and Ross, who are mentioned earlier in the exhibit, also used these words, Carnochan used them less often, and Ross used them to refer to religious themes, such as God’s law or the law of wickedness and righteousness.]]>2021-01-23T21:48:52+00:00
Dublin Core
Title
Graph Showing Riddell's prominent use of the word law in his 1919 article "The Slave in Upper Canada"
Description
This graph shows the use of the word law in four publications written at different times. They are: 1) Robert Charles Dallas's 1803 book History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone 2) Alexander Milton Ross's 1875 book Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. 3) Janet Carnochan's 1897 article "A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” 4) W.R. Riddel's 1919 article “The Slave in Upper Canada.”
In keeping with the change in writing style from the Romantic style of the 19th century to the Realist style of the 20th century, Riddell excluded himself from the narrative and his tone became less flowery and expressive, and was replaced by a more reserved and empirical tone. Riddell focused on facts and evidence. The words he used most often included law, court, justice, act and case, as well as statute, governor, journal and council. And while Carnochan and Ross, who are mentioned earlier in the exhibit, also used these words, Carnochan used them less often, and Ross used them to refer to religious themes, such as God’s law or the law of wickedness and righteousness.
Creator
Allison Smith
Source
Dallas, Robert Charles. History of the Maroons: from their origin to the establishment of their chief tribe at Sierre Leone. Vol. 2. London: Longman and Rees, 1803.
Ross, Alexander Milton. Recollections and experiences of an abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865. Toronto: Rowsell, 1875.
Carnochan, Janet. “A Slave Rescue in Niagara Sixty Years Ago.” Niagara Historical Society 2 (1897).
Riddell, W.R. “The Slave in Upper Canada.” The Journal of Negro History 4, no. 4 (October 1919).
Ships built in Europe travelled a roughly triangular route around the Atlantic during the 1600s and 1700s, and they rarely travelled empty. They carried guns, luxury items and manufactured goods to Africa, the West Indies and North America. In Africa, these goods were traded for gold, ivory, spices and human slaves. The slaves were transported to Europe, the West Indies and the United States, but not to Canada. Canada had slaves, but they did not come by ship directly from Africa.
Creator
Anya Langmead
Source
UK National Archives
Publisher
Maps in Minutes
Date
2003
Rights
Permission Granted: ''For private study or noncommercial educational or research purposes as defined in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended), material included in this exhibition may be reproduced without seeking permission'' http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/pathways/blackhistory/copyright.htm
This is a map of the Saint John River and its tributaries in New Brunswick created in 1788. It is thought to be the first map of this area that was relatively unknown by Whites until it was settled by United Empire Loyalists from the United States starting in 1783. New Brunswick became a separate British colony from Nova Scotia in 1784. Based on surveys from 1784 to 1787, this map shows local communities at that time. It shows three "Negro Settlements" in rural areas near the mouth of the river near Long Reach, indicating the tendency to segregate Blacks. When this exhibit was created, this map image was edited marking the three Black settlements with red 'house' icons to make them easier to see.
Creator
Captain Robert Campbell (surveyor)
Samuel John Neele (engraver)
Source
Library and Archives Canada
Date
July 10, 1788
Rights
Public Domain
Format
PNG
Language
English
Type
Still Image
Identifier
Mikan no. 188452
Coverage
"A map of the great River St. John & waters, (the first ever published) from the Bay of Fundy, up to St. Ann's or Frederick's Town [cartographic material] : being little know by white people, until 1783: settled by the American Loyalists, then part of Nova Scotia, now called New Brunswick, from an actual survey, made in the years 1784, 85, 86, and 87 by Robert Campbell, serveyor...; S.I. Neele sculptor" - Library and Archives Canada
Trial Documents for the Arson Trial of Marie Joseph Angélique
Description
Marie Joseph Angélique was a Black slave woman living in Montreal in the early eighteenth century. She was accused of setting fire to her mistress’s house and, in doing so, burning down half of what is now Old Montreal. She was tried in a court of law and found guilty. Because she would not confess the name of her suspected accomplice and lover, her sentence was made harsher. She was paraded through the streets, tortured, hanged, her body burned at the stake, and her ashes cast to the winds. Today questions have arisen as to her guilt or innocence, as well as the fairness of her trial. Her story also demonstrates that public attitudes towards Blacks in the eighteenth century were not generous. Not only was slavery legal in Canada, or what was then New France, but Canadians subjected blacks to considerable racism.
Advertisements of runaway slaves of this sort were common before 1833 when the British abolished slavery. The format of the ad is also common, giving a description of runaway, Henry Jones, and threats to anyone who might aid in his concealment. Unlike this ad, many ads also offered a reward for the return of the runaway.
Creator
James Cox
Source
Nova Scotia Archives
Publisher
Nova Scotia Packet and General Advertiser 26 October 1786 p. 1
The Memorial and Petition of James Frazer Montreal 1798
Description
This petition from James Frazer to the Governor of Upper and Lower Canada, Robert Prescott, is a request for assurances that these colonies will not abolish slavery. Frazer was a White United Empire Loyalist who came to Nova Scotia and brought, at some expense to himself, his slaves. He had subsequently moved to Montreal, in Lower Canada, but he only made the decision to move after re-assuring himself that he would be able to keep his slaves in his new home. However, upon establishing himself and his family and slaves in Montreal, he began to hear rumours that Lower Canada might emancipate all the slaves in that colony. He wrote referring to his slaves as "property" but he also tried to convince the Governor that he was a good and just slave-owner who always treated his slaves with the utmost "tenderness." It is clear from his message that he was aware that societal attitudes about slavery were changing.
Creator
James Frazer
Source
Library and Archives Canada
Date
March 13, 1798
Rights
Copyright Expired
Format
PNG
Language
English
Type
Still Image
Identifier
Quebec and Lower Canada series, RG 4 A 1, vol. 66, reel C-3011, p. 21153-21154